In mitate-e prints, Edo-era Japanese artists created images that punned on spiritual concepts and ancient literary tropes. These visual puns commonly depicted oiran, or elite sex workers, to whimsical, humorous, or sometimes satirical effect. In this print, artist Katsukawa Shunshō puns on the “Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove,” a group of ancient Chinese scholar-artists who fled government service for a rural life of literature and Daoist spirituality. Some of the women hold fans, and one holds a brush. We can tell from the writing on one woman's fan that her name is ​​Hanaōgi, or “Flower-Fan.” In Japan, as in many societies, courtesans made impressive literary and artistic works and maintained the transmission of cultural knowledge to generations of the elite men who patronized them. Yet, as women and sex workers, they are often erased from literary and artistic histories.

The courtesan standing at the center of this print holds a writing brush. She is identified by the fan in her left hand, which has a poem signed Hanaōgi, or Flower-Fan.